EMF-Portal - Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain (2004)

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Medical/biological Study (experimental study)

Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. med./biol.

By: Ilhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamisli S, Iraz M, Akyol O, Ozen S
Published in: Clin Chim Acta 2004; 340 (1-2): 153 - 162 ( open external web page

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Aim of study (according to author)
To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts on mobile phone induced oxidative stress in brain tissue of rats.
Background/further details:
Ginkgo extracts were feed to rats as dry powder. Specific metabolites such as malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) and a broad variety of enzymes involved in antioxidative metabolism were investigated.

Comment on Aim of Study (up to 2000 characters):

Endpoint

oxidative stress

Comment on Endpoints (up to 2000 characters):

Exposure
General category: analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM

Field characteristics	Parameters
900 MHz continuous wave (CW) exposure duration: repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day for 7 days	SAR: 2 W/kg max value (peak SAR of the brain) SAR: 0.25 W/kg average over mass (whole body)

FIELD View further expo parameters

Comment on field characteristics (up to 2000 characters):

Exposed system:
animal (species/strain): rat/Wistar
partial body exposure: head

Comment on exposed system (up to 2000 characters):

Methods
Endpoint/Measurement parameters/Methodology

morphological/histopathological changes: examination of histopathological changes (light microscopy)
effects on the neurological system: oxidative stress in brain tissue (see above)
others: oxidative stress (determination of metabolites (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase))

investigated material: isolated bio./chem. substance (in vitro), tissue slices (in vitro)
investigated organ system: brain/CNS

time of investigation: after exposure

Comment on methods (up to 2000 characters):

Main outcome of study (according to author)
The three main outcomes of this study on rat brain can be resumed as followed:
1) mobile phones can induce oxidative damage. This is shown by increased levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase.
2) Alterations in brain are histopathologically detectable.
3) Ginkgo biloba extracts act as a free radical scavenger agent and prevents oxidative damage and histopathological changes.

Comment on main outcome (up to 2000 characters):

(Study character: medical/biological study, experimental study, full/main study)

General comment on article (up to 2000 characters):

Study funded by

not stated

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Glossary: adenosine, analog, animal, biological, brain, CNS, CW, digital, endpoint, enzymes, exposure, extracts, free radical scavenger, full/main study, glutathione peroxidase, GSM, histopathological, induced, in vitro, light microscopy, malondialdehyde, metabolism, metabolites, mobile phones, morphological, neurological, nitric oxide, oxidative, oxidative stress, partial body exposure, rat, rat/Wistar, SAR, species, strain, superoxide dismutase, tissue, xanthine oxidase

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