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Epidemiological Study (case-control study)Further aspects on cellular and cordless telephones and brain tumours. epidemiol. By: Hardell L, Hansson Mild K, Carlberg M
Published in: Int J Oncol 2003; 22 (2): 399 - 407 (  PubMed Entry , Journal web site )Aim of study (according to author)
In this study, further analyses were performed on the database of a Swedish case-control study (see publication 9105) on the use of cellular telephones and cordless telephones and the risk of brain tumors.
Background/further details:
Furthermore, there are additional analyses of the database of the same case-control study (publication 9105) published in publications 9361, 11953 and 12393.
Subjects without exposure to cellular phone or cordless phone were classified as unexposed. Endpoint/type of risk estimation Estimate of incidence by odds ratio (OR)
Exposure - mobile communication system, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, cordless phone, personal exposure
- type of exposure: personal
- assessment by questionnaire (type of phone, years of use, brand name, first part of number (to differentiate between analog and digital), mean number and minutes of daily calls, use in car with fixed external antenna or hands-free device, ear most frequently used during calls)
- assessment by interview (supplementing data)
- assessment by calculation (cumulative use in hours)
groups of exposure:
| Reference group 1: | unexposed | | group 2: | analog, 450 MHz, > 1 year latency | | group 3: | analog, 450 MHz, > 5 years latency | | group 4: | analog, 450 MHz, > 10 years latency | | group 5: | analog, 900 MHz, > 1 year latency | | group 6: | analog, 900 MHz, > 5 years latency | | group 7: | analog, 900 MHz, > 10 years latency | | group 8: | analog, all, > 1 year latency | | group 9: | analog, all, > 5 years latency | | group 10: | analog, all, >10 years latency | | group 11: | analog, ≤ 85 h, > 1 year latency | | group 12: | analog, ≤ 85 h, > 5 years latency | | group 13: | analog, ≤ 85 h, >10 years latency | | group 14: | analog, > 85 h, > 1 year latency | | group 15: | analog, > 85 h, > 5 years latency | | group 16: | analog, > 85 h, > 10 years latency | | group 17: | digital, all, > 1 year latency | | group 18: | digital, all, > 5 years latency | | group 19: | digital, all, >10 years latency | | group 20: | digital, ≤ 55 h, > 1 year latency | | group 21: | digital, ≤ 55 h, > 5 years latency | | group 22: | digital, ≤ 55 h, >10 years latency | | group 23: | digital, > 55 h, > 1 year latency | | group 24: | digital, > 55 h, > 5 years latency | | group 25: | digital, > 55 h, >10 years latency | | group 26: | cordless, all, > 1 year latency | | group 27: | cordless, all, > 5 years latency | | group 28: | cordless, all, > 10 years latency | | group 29: | cordless, ≤ 183 h, > 1 year latency | | group 30: | cordless, ≤ 183 h, > 5 years latency | | group 31: | cordless, ≤ 183 h, > 10 years latency | | group 32: | cordless, > 183 h, > 1 year latency | | group 33: | cordless, > 183 h, > 5 years latency | | group 34: | cordless, > 183 h, > 10 years latency | | group 35: | analog, brain hemisphere ipsilateral | | group 36: | digital, brain hemisphere ipsilateral | | group 37: | cordless, brain hemisphere ipsilateral | | group 38: | analog, brain hemisphere contralateral | | group 40: | digital, brain hemisphere contralateral | | group 41: | cordless, brain hemisphere contralateral | | group 42: | analog, temporal area, ipsilateral | | group 43: | digital, temporal area, ipsilateral | | group 44: | cordless, temporal area, ipsilateral | | group 45: | analog, temporal area, contralateral | | group 46: | digital, temporal area, contralateral | | group 47: | cordless, temporal area, contralateral |
Population
- case group
men and women, aged from 20 to 80 years
diagnosis: brain tumor, histopathologically verified
observation period: January 1997 - June 2000
study location: Sweden (Uppsala/Örebro, Stockholm, Linköping and Göteborg regions)
source of data: Cancer Registry
exclusion criteria: deceased
- control group
selection: population-based
matching: sex, area, 5-year age group, 1:1 (case:control)
Further parameters acquired by questionnaire (lifetime work history, exposure to ionizing radiation, different agents such as organic solvents, pesticides, asbestos, reproductive history for women and heredity)
Study size  | cases | controls |
|---|
| number eligible | 1,617 | - | | number contacted | 1,617 | 1,617 | | number participating | 1,429 | 1470 | | rate of participating | 88% | 91% |
Statistically significant results
Statistical analysis using unconditional logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status) Results/conclusion (according to author)
The results showed an increased risk of brain tumor for use of analog cellular phones, but not for digital cellular phones or cordless phones. The risk of brain tumor was increased among ipsilateral users of analog and digital cellular phones, also for users of cordless phones, but not significantly.
(Study character: epidemiological study, case-control study)
Study funded by - Cancer och Allergifonden (Cancer and Allergy Foundation), Sweden
- Örebro Cancer Fund, Sweden
- Swedish Work Environment Fund
- Telia, Sweden
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Glossary: analog, antenna, brain, brain tumor, cancer registry, case-control study, cellular phones, confidence interval, cordless phones, cumulative, digital, ear, endpoint, epidemiological, exposure, GSM, hemisphere, histopathologically, incidence, ionizing radiation, ipsilateral, latency, matching, mean, mobile communication, NMT, OR, organic, population-based, questionnaire, reproductive, risk, significantly, socioeconomic status, solvents, statistical, subjects, temporal, unconditional logistic regression |
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