Medical/biological Study (experimental study)

Chronic, low-level (1.0 W/kg) exposure of mice prone to mammary cancer to 2450 MHz microwaves. med./biol.

PubMed Entry

Journal web site

Aim of study (according to author)
To determine whether chronic, low-level exposure of mammary-tumor-prone mice to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation promotes an earlier onset (decreased latency), a greater total incidence, or a faster growth rate of mammary tumors.
Background/further details:
The current study was designed to replicate a previous study (publication 3413) but to increase the SAR from 0.3 W/kg to 1.0 W/kg to determine if a threshold SAR effect exists.

Endpoint

• cancer: mammary carcinoma

Exposure
General category: low level microwaves, 2.45 GHz

Field characteristics	Parameters
2.45 GHz continuous wave (CW) exposure duration: repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day, for 78 weeks	power: 140 mW mean value (input power per waveguide) SAR: 1 W/kg mean value (whole body)

Exposed system:
animal (species/strain): mouse/C3H/HeJ (possesses a milk-borne virus that induces mammary gland tumors)
whole body exposure

Methods
Endpoint/Measurement parameters/Methodology

• cancer: palpation for tumors; incidence and growth rate of mammary tumors
• morphological/histopathological changes: incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions; histopathological examination of major tissues and all gross lesions
• others: body weight; survival rate

Main outcome of study (according to author)
The results indicate that under these experimental conditions, long-term, low-level exposure of mammary-tumor-prone mice to 2450 MHz radiofrequency did not affect mammary tumor incidence, latency to mammary tumor onset, mammary tumor growth rate, or survivorship when compared with sham-irradiated controls. Histopathological examination revealed no differences in numbers of malignant, metastatic, or benign neoplasms between the two groups.

(Study character: medical/biological study, experimental study, full/main study, replication/reproduction study)

Study funded by

• Air Force, USA

• Frei MR et al. (1998): Chronic exposure of cancer-prone mice to low-level 2450 MHz radiofrequency...

• Paulraj R et al. (2011): Effects of low level microwave radiation on carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino...
• Frei MR et al. (1998): Chronic exposure of cancer-prone mice to low-level 2450 MHz radiofrequency...
• Toler JC et al. (1997): Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz...