Electromagnetic fields and epidemiology: an overview inspired by the fourth course at the International School of Bioelectromagnetics review

Endpoint

• cancer: brain tumor, childhood leukemia
• epidemiology: cohort studies, case-control studies; exposure assessment, validation of exposure metrics; selection bias, information bias, bias in laterality analysis

Exposure

• • 50/60 Hz
  • magnetic field
• • power transmission line
  • mobile communications
  • analog mobile phone
  • digital mobile phone