この研究は、マウスをモデルとして、子宮内での携帯電話機無線周波電磁界へのばく露が仔マウスの成長後の行動に影響するか否かを検証した。子宮内ばく露を受けたマウスは、物体認識試験、明暗箱試験、ステップダウン試験の結果、多動的で記憶障害が認められたと述べている。またWhole cellパッチクランプ法による微小興奮性シナプス後電流（mEPSCs）を記録した結果、ばく露を受けたマウスは、前頭前皮質V層に存在する錐体ニューロンへのグルタミン酸作動性シナプスを介した興奮伝達の低下がばく露量の増加につれて大きくなることが観察されたことから、行動学的変化は神経発達プログラミングの変化によることが明らかになったと述べている。著者は、妊娠中ばく露のリスクを明らかにするためには、ヒトまたはヒト以外の霊長類での更なる研究が必要であると結論している。
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To determine if prenatal radiofrequency exposure leads to impaired memory or behavior after birth, the authors performed behavioral and electrophysiological studies in mice exposed in utero to 800-1900 MHz radiofrequency irradiation from cellular phones.
39 pregnant mice were exposed for 9 or 15 h/day (n=6) or for 24 h/day (n=33) during their gestational days 1-17. 42 mice were sham exposed. The memory test was performed with 161 pups (82 exposed and 79 control mice). The light-dark box test (anxiety/hyperactivity) was performed on 141 pups (71 exposed and 70 control mice) and the step-down test (fearful behavior) on 98 mice (47 exposed and 51 control mice).
Electrophysiological measurements were performed with coronal cortical slices prepared from the prefrontal area of the brain and the ventral medial hypothalamus of 3-4 week old mice (n=9-14).
exposure group I: 33 pregnant mice (24 hours/day) exposure group II: 6 pregnant mice (9 or 15 hours/day) control group: 42 pregnant mice (0 hours/day)
| 周波数 | 800–1,900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 0, 9, 15 or 24 hours/day on day 1-17 of gestation |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 4.5 cm |
| チャンバの詳細 | 13 experimental cages and 14 control cages, each holding 3 female mice and 1 male mouse |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | phones positioned above each cage over feeding bottle area at a distance of 4.5-22.3 cm from each mouse (depending on location of animals within cage); phones in muted, uninterrupted active call mode for the whole duration of the experiment |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 1.6 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
The different tests revealed that mice exposed in utero were hyperactive, had an impaired memory and decreased anxiety. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) recording revealed that these behavioral changes were due to altered neuronal programming. Exposed mice exhibited exposure duration-dependent impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal cells of the prefrontal cortex (i.e. synaptic efficacy of glutamatergic transmission decreased) and the effects were not limited to the cortex (effect also found in ventral medial hypothalamus).
The corticosterone level in the exposed dams was not significantly different from that in the control females, eliminating stress of dams as a source of the observed behavioral and electrophysiologic differences in the pups.
The data demonstrate that fetal exposure to 800-1900 MHz from cellular phones leads to behavioral and neurophysiological alterations that persist into adulthood. Further experiments are needed to determine the risk of exposure during pregnancy.
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