Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Selenium and L-Carnitine Reduce Oxidative Stress in the Heart of Rat Induced by 2.45-GHz Radiation from Wireless Devices med./bio.

By: Turker Y, Naziroglu M, Gumral N, Celik O, Saygin M, Comlekci S, Flores-Arce M

Published in: Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143 (3): 1640-1650

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To study the effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field exposure on oxidant-antioxidant changes in the heart of rats and the possible protective effects of a L-carnitine and selenium.

Background/further details

30 male rats were divided into five groups: 1) cage control; 2) sham exposure; 3) 2.45 GHz exposure; 4) 2.45 GHz exposure + selenium (injection of 1.5 mg/kg/day); 5) 2.45 GHz exposure + L-carnitine (injection of 1.5 mg/kg/day). The first dose of selenium and L-carnitine was administered 24 h before exposure.

Endpoint

effects on the cardiovascular system: oxidative stress in the heart

Exposure

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2.45 GHz Modulation type: pulsed Exposure duration: continuous for 1 h/day on 28 days	power: 2 W maximum electric field strength: 11 V/m spatial average SAR: 0.1 W/kg average over mass (whole body) (at E = 11 V/m) electric field strength: 45.5 V/m maximum SAR: 2.4 W/kg maximum (whole body) (at E = 45.5 V/m d: bei)

General information

rats were treated in five groups: i) cage control ii) sham exposure iii) EMF exposure iv) EMF exposure + intraperitoneal injections of sodium selenite at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day v) EMF exposure + intraperitoneal injections of L-carnitine at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	2.45 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 1 h/day on 28 days

Modulation

Modulation type	pulsed
Repetition frequency	217 Hz

Exposure setup

Exposure source	half-wave dipole antenna
Setup	rats placed in individual 15 cm x 5 cm PVC containers, arranged on a Plexiglas base in a circle round the antenna with the rats' noses close to it; exposure system placed in a Faraday cage
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power	2 W	maximum	-	-	-
electric field strength	11 V/m	spatial average	measured	-	-
SAR	0.1 W/kg	average over mass	calculated	whole body	at E = 11 V/m
electric field strength	45.5 V/m	maximum	measured	-	-
SAR	2.4 W/kg	maximum	calculated	whole body	at E = 45.5 V/m d: bei

Reference articles

Faraone A et al. (2006): Radiofrequency dosimetry for the Ferris-wheel mouse exposure system

Exposed system:

animal
rat/Wistar albino
partial body: head

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

effects on the cardiovascular system: oxidative stress in the heart (lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances level), glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, levels of vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and beta-carotene; spectrophotometry)

Investigated system:

heart tissue homogenates and extracts

Investigated organ system:

cardiovascular system

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

The lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the exposed group than in the cage control and sham exposed group. The lipid peroxidation levels in the irradiated animals treated with selenium and L -carnitine were lower than in those that were only exposed to 2.45 GHz irradiation.
The concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E were lower in the exposed-only group relative to cage control and sham exposed group, but their concentrations were increased in the exposed groups treated with selenium- and L-carnitine. The enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase was higher in the selenium-treated group than in the animals that were exposed to the electromagnetic field but received no treatment. The glutathione and beta-carotene concentrations did not change in any of the groups.
In conclusion, 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field exposure caused oxidative stress in the heart of rats. There was a protective effect of selenium and L-carnitine.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
double-blind study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

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